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PM concentration declining saves health expenditure in China

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2023, Volume 17, Issue 7, doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1690-4

Abstract:

● Monthly hospitalization expenses are sensitive to increases in PM_2.5 exposure.

Keywords： Air pollution Health expenditure PM_2.5 concentration Economic impact Heterogeneous effect

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Mechanism of insulin resistance in obesity: a role of ATP

Frontiers of Medicine 2021, Volume 15, Issue 3, Pages 372-382 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0862-5

Abstract: Obesity increases the risk of type 2 diabetes through the induction of insulin resistance. The mechanism of insulin resistance has been extensively investigated for more than 60 years, but the essential pathogenic signal remains missing. Existing hypotheses include inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, hyperinsulinemia, hyperglucagonemia, glucotoxicity, and lipotoxicity. Drug discoveries based on these hypotheses are unsuccessful in the development of new medicines. In this review, multidisciplinary literature is integrated to evaluate ATP as a primary signal for insulin resistance. The ATP production is elevated in insulin-sensitive cells under obese conditions independent of energy demand, which we have named “mitochondrial overheating.” Overheating occurs because of substrate oversupply to mitochondria, leading to extra ATP production. The ATP overproduction contributes to the systemic insulin resistance through several mechanisms, such as inhibition of AMPK, induction of mTOR, hyperinsulinemia, hyperglucagonemia, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Insulin resistance represents a feedback regulation of energy oversupply in cells to control mitochondrial overloading by substrates. Insulin resistance cuts down the substrate uptake to attenuate mitochondrial overloading. The downregulation of the mitochondrial overloading by medicines, bypass surgeries, calorie restriction, and physical exercise leads to insulin sensitization in patients. Therefore, ATP may represent the primary signal of insulin resistance in the cellular protective response to the substrate oversupply. The prevention of ATP overproduction represents a key strategy for insulin sensitization.

Keywords： type 2 diabetes energy expenditure mitochondria hyperinsulinemia hyperglucagonemia AMPK

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Mechanisms of insulin resistance in obesity

Jianping Ye

Frontiers of Medicine 2013, Volume 7, Issue 1, Pages 14-24 doi: 10.1007/s11684-013-0262-6

Abstract:

Obesity increases the risk for type 2 diabetes through induction of insulin resistance. Treatment of type 2 diabetes has been limited by little translational knowledge of insulin resistance although there have been several well-documented hypotheses for insulin resistance. In those hypotheses, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, hyperinsulinemia and lipotoxicity have been the major concepts and have received a lot of attention. Oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, genetic background, aging, fatty liver, hypoxia and lipodystrophy are active subjects in the study of these concepts. However, none of those concepts or views has led to an effective therapy for type 2 diabetes. The reason is that, there has been no consensus for a unifying mechanism of insulin resistance. In this review article, literature is critically analyzed and reinterpreted for a new energy-based concept of insulin resistance, in which insulin resistance is a result of energy surplus in cells. The energy surplus signal is mediated by ATP and sensed by adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway. Decreasing ATP level by suppression of production or stimulation of utilization is a promising approach in the treatment of insulin resistance. In support, many of existing insulin sensitizing medicines inhibit ATP production in mitochondria. The effective therapies such as weight loss, exercise, and caloric restriction all reduce ATP in insulin sensitive cells. This new concept provides a unifying cellular and molecular mechanism of insulin resistance in obesity, which may apply to insulin resistance in aging and lipodystrophy.

Keywords： type 2 diabetes energy expenditure inflammation lipotoxicity mitochondria hyperinsulinemia adenosine

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Beneficial metabolic activities of inflammatory cytokine interleukin 15 in obesity and type 2 diabetes

Jianping Ye

Frontiers of Medicine 2015, Volume 9, Issue 2, Pages 139-145 doi: 10.1007/s11684-015-0377-z

Abstract: evidence that pro-inflammatory cytokines may favor insulin sensitivity through induction of energy expenditurelipogenesis, stimulates brown fat function, improves insulin sensitivity through weight loss and energy expenditureevidence from human and rodents supports that the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-15 may enhance energy expenditureThe mechanism of IL-15 action remains to be fully uncovered in the regulation of energy expenditure.

Keywords： inflammation obesity cytokine energy expenditure insulin resistance

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Primary health care for all by 2020: The systematic reform of the medical and health system in China

Frontiers of Medicine 2010, Volume 4, Issue 1, Pages 3-7 doi: 10.1007/s11684-010-0024-7

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The next step of community health construction: Training general practitioners and implementing health

Kan ZHANG MM, Wei DONG MM, Ying-Yao CHEN MD,

Frontiers of Medicine 2010, Volume 4, Issue 2, Pages 134-138 doi: 10.1007/s11684-010-0041-6

Abstract: This article discusses the concept of health management and stresses that community health managementshould be the starting point of community health service, necessitating a paradigm shift from observingthe treatment-oriented medical model to observing the prevention-and-health management-based medicalCommunity health construction has entered a new phase, one which highlights the need to train generalpractitioners in practice-based life cycle health management.

Keywords： community health general practitioners health management

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Human health ambient water quality criteria for 13 heavy metals and health risk assessment in Taihu Lake

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2022, Volume 16, Issue 4, doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1475-6

Abstract:

• The concentrations of 13 heavy metals in Taihu Lake were analyzed.

Keywords： Heavy metals Human health ambient water quality criteria Taihu Lake Health risk assessment Contribution

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Percolation-based health management of complex traffic systems

Frontiers of Engineering Management 2021, Volume 8, Issue 4, Pages 557-571 doi: 10.1007/s42524-021-0174-0

Abstract: System health management, which aims to ensure the safe and efficient operation of systems by reducingIn this article, we review existing studies on traffic reliability management and propose a health managementAiming to be “reliable, invulnerable, resilient, potential, and active”, our proposed traffic health

Keywords： traffic health health management critical infrastructure systems science and engineering

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Structural health monitoring with fiber optic sensors

F. ANSARI

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2009, Volume 4, Issue 2, Pages 103-110 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0032-y

Abstract: This article provides a summary of basic principles pertaining to practical health monitoring of civil

Keywords： Bridges structural health monitoring smart skins cracks strains displacements fiber optic sensors FBG

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Temporal variation of PM-associated health effects in Shijiazhuang, Hebei

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2021, Volume 15, Issue 5, doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1376-0

Abstract:

•Annual mean PM_2.5 in Shijiazhuang were 87, 95, and 82 µg/m³ in 2015–2017.

Keywords： PM_2.5 Health effects Integrated exposure-response model Shijiazhuang

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Multimedia distribution and health risk assessment of typical organic pollutants in a retired industrial

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2023, Volume 17, Issue 11, doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1742-9

Abstract:

● A fine portrayal of organic pollutants in a retired industrial park is provided.

Keywords： Organic pollutants Retired industrial park Spatial correlation Health risk assessment

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Individualized medicine, health medicine, and constitutional theory in Chinese medicine

Qi Wang

Frontiers of Medicine 2012, Volume 6, Issue 1, Pages 1-7 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0173-y

Abstract: changes in the medical model can result in the transformation of the current state of individualized and healthThe Chinese constitutional theory developed in the 1970s expresses the principle behind Chinese healthConstitution identification shows the direction and provides the core technology for the evaluation of the healthsyndrome-differentiation can be established for the development of individualized Chinese medicine treatment and health

Keywords： individualized medicine health medicine constitutional theory in Chinese medicine

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Effective interventions on health effects of Chinese rural elderly under heat exposure

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2022, Volume 16, Issue 5, doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1545-4

Abstract:

● Education and subsidy were effective interventions during short-term heat exposure.

Keywords： High temperature Health effect Comprehensive evaluation Intervention Rural elderly

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E-waste environmental contamination and harm to public health in China

Xijin Xu,Xiang Zeng,H. Marike Boezen,Xia Huo

Frontiers of Medicine 2015, Volume 9, Issue 2, Pages 220-228 doi: 10.1007/s11684-015-0391-1

Abstract: Pieces of evidence that associate e-waste exposure with human health effects in China are assessed.polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (PHAHs), bisphenol A (BPA)) on human health

Keywords： e-waste heavy metal organic pollutant hazardous toxicity human health China

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Integration of current identity-based district-varied health insurance schemes in China: implications

Hai-Qiang Wang, Zhi-Heng Liu, Yong-Zhao Zhang, Zhuo-Jing Luo

Frontiers of Medicine 2012, Volume 6, Issue 1, Pages 79-84 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0179-5

Abstract:

With China’s great efforts to improve public health insurance, clear progress has been achievedtoward the ambitious full health insurance coverage strategy for all.The current health insurance schemes in China fall into three categories: urban employee basic healthpreconditioning of more sophisticated social health insurance schemes, the increase in the income ofMoreover, more expenditure on health insurance might be essential for the integration despite the settings

Keywords： health insurance urban employee basic health insurance scheme urban-resident scheme new rural cooperative